IGISOBANURO CYA BLOCKCHAIN:

Blockchain ni igitabo Cy' ikoranabuhanga Kitagenzurwa nuwari we wese Cyifashishwa nabagikoresha mukubika amakuru Bahererekanya Kuri Mudasobwa zitandukanye Kandi Ziri ahantu Hatandukanye, Binyuze mumutekano umucyo ndetse n' ubudahangarwa Bidashingiye Kukigo, Leta Cyangwa Guverinoma Runaka.

Ibiranga Blockchain

1.Block chain ntago igenzurwa n' umuntu umwe

 Amakuru aba abitse kuri Mudasobwa zitandukanye kwisi Yose Atari Gusa Mucyerekezo Kimwe.

2.Gukorera mumucyo no mumutekano

Uwari we wese ashobora kureba amakuru y' ibikorerwaho ariko ntabushobozi Yagira bwo Kuyahindura.

3.Ntago igenzurwa n' abantu Runaka

Blockchain yakuyeho Sisitemu Aho amakuru yagenzurwaga numuntu umwe cyangwa Urwego Rw' abantu Runaka Gusa Ibyo bigakuraho Kuba Hatangazwa amakuru yahinduwe cyangwa Hagakurwaho ayarariho.

4.Cryptography

Blockchain ibika amakuru ikoresheje uburyo buhambaye bwifashijije Sisitemu z' imibare ( Mathematical Algorithms)

UKO IBYICIRO BYA MURANDASI BYAGIYE BIKURIKIRANA( EVOLUTION OF INTERNET?

WEB 1

Ikiciro cya murandasi( Internet) Cyabaye WEB 1 cyaranzwe nimbuga abazikoresha bari bemerewe Gusoma amakuru ariho ntakintu Bemerewe kongeraho Kandi badashobora no Guhuriraho ngo Bagirane ikiganiro.

WEB 1 Ahanini Yifashishijwe mugutangaza amakuru Cyane.

WEB 2

WEB 2 Yazanye uburyo bwo guhana amakuru, ndetse abayikoresha Bakemererwa Nabo Gutangazaho amakuru , Cyangwa abantu bagahurira mumatsinda ( Groups ) Bagahana Amakuru.

Aha niho haziyemo imbuga nka Facebook Rwifashishijwe nabenshi mugusabana no Guhana amakuru.

Gusa web 1 no muri  Web 2 Ntaho uyikoresha Yungukiraga ndetse amakuru nibyo Yatangaje nta ruhare yabaga Ayafiteho byabikwaga naba nyiri izo mbuga Zitangirwaho amakuru.

WEB 3

Web 3 Ni murandasi idafite umuntu Runaka uyigenzura ishingiye kuri Blockchain ndetse no kumirongo ihuza abantu babiri( Peer to peer networks)

Ikemerera abayikoresha Kugira uruhare mubyo batangaza N' umwirondoro wabo mubyikoranabuhanga.

IMIKORERE YA BLOCKCHAIN

1. Blockchain igizwe n' Uruhererekane Rw' amakuru abitswe Muburyo bw' uruhererekane.

2. Abayikoresha Bagenzura Uruhererekane rwamakuru atangirwaho Bakaba Babasha no kongeraho ayandi.

UMUMARO WA BLOCKCHAIN MURI RUSANGE

1.Blockchain izazamura imikorere inyuze mumucyo Bikazatuma abantu barushaho kwizerana No Gufata inshingano muguhererekanya amakuru.

2.Blockchain Itanga Umutekano wuzuye kubahererekanya amakuru Hirindwa ubujura bw' amakuru cyangwa Kuba Hari umuntu wakwinjirira undi mumakuru atayafiteho uruhare.

3.Blockchain izafasha mukugabanya igiciro Cyo Guhererekanya amakuru ndetse nigihe byafataga Ngo amakuru agere kuwo Yohererejwe.

 Urugero nko Kohereza amafaranga Muburyo bwambukiranya imipaka Byafataga nkumunsi umwe kuri itatu Kugirango Agere aho Yoherejwe Ariko Wifashishije Blockchain Bishobora Gufata amasegonda ane kuminota 3 Bitewe numurongo wakoresheje.

4. Blockchain Kandi izatanga Uburyo bushya Bwimikorere Mubijyanye no Guhanga  Udushya. kwisoko Ry' Umurimo.

BLOCKCHAIN MURI AFRICA

1. Mugihugu cya Nigeria bifashishije Blockchain babashije Gukora Ifaranga ryabo rya 1 Ryo mu ikoranabuhanga ryitwa E- Naira

2. Blockchain Muri Kenya Yifashishijwe Mukwandikisha ubutaka ndetse no Kubugenzura  muburyo Bugezweho.

3. Muri Afrika Y' epfo Blockchain Yifashishijwe mukubaka uburyo bushya Bwo kwishyurana Bugezweho Kandi Bwihuse.

ICYO BLOCKCHAIN YAFASHA MU RWANDA

1. Blockchain Yafasha mukwihutisha iterambere Binyuze muguhanga Udushya no Gukurura abashoramari.

2. Yafasha inzego za Leta nizabikorera Gukorera mumucyo Kandi bagatanga serivisi muburyo Bwihuse.

3.Blockchain Yaba igisubizo Kubaturage batagerwaho na Serivisi Z' Imari.

4.Yafasha Mukugenzura Uruhererekane Rw' ibicuruzwa nuburyo Byagera kwisoko Kugiciro Gikwiye ( Cost effective).

IMBOGAMIZI KUMIKORERE YA BLOCKCHAIN

1. Sisitemu yubakiwe Blockchain igorwa no kwakira Uruhererekane Rwamakuru Kubwinshi.

2.Leta naza Guverinoma nyinshi ntago zirasobanukirwa Imikorere ya Blockchain Kuburyo Bayemerera Gukorera mubihugu Byabo.

3.Icyuho Cy' Ubumenyi Kubijyanye na Tekinoloji ya Blockchain, Abasobanukiwe imikorere yayo ntago Ari Benshi.

4. Ntago Haraboneka uburyo Sisitemu zubakiye Kuri Blockchain Zakorera Hamwe muburyo bworoshye.

IBIRANGA BLOCKCHAIN MURI MAKE

1.Nta banki cyangwa guverinoma iyigenzura(Decentalised)

2.Amakuru yagezeho ntago ashobora guhindurwa( immutable)

3.Ikorera mumucyo( Transparent)

ISUZUMA BUMENYI

1.SUBIZA YEGO CYANGA OYA

A.Ese block chain ishobora kugenzurwa numuntu umwe?

B.Amakuru yageze kuri blockchain yakorohera uwariwe wese kuyahindura?

IGICE CYA 2:

AMATEKA YA BLOCKCHAIN

IGITEKEREZO CYINGENZI: Bitcoin niyo blockchain yavutse mumwaka wa 2009 Nyuma haza Blockchain ya Etherium muri 2015 Ethereum nayo izana icyo yise amazezerano akoze muburyo bwiza( Smart contract)

INGENGABIHE:

2008: Satoshi Nakamoto yashyize hanze bwa mbere impapuro zera zivuga Kuri Bitcoin.(Bitcoin white papers)

2009: Bitcoin itangira gukoreshwa.

2015. Umugabo witwa Vitalik Butalin Wumurusiya ashyira hanze Blockchain ya Ethereum.

ISUZUMA BUMENYI

1.  Ninde wakoze Bitcoin?

2.  Ethereum yazanywe nande?

AGACE KA 3: IMIKORERE YA BLOCKCHAIN MURI MAKE.

IGITEKEREZO CYINGENZI MUMIKORERE YA BLOCKCHAIN NI UGUHEREREKANYA AMAKURU

UBURYO BLOCKCHAIN YAKORA MURI MAKE

1.Blockchain ishobora gukoreshwa muguhererekanya amakuru ashobora kugira agaciro.

Urugero: Wifashishije Blockchain ushobora koherereza Bitcoin Inshuti Yawe.

Blockchain ikora iyo abacukuzi ( Miners barimo kwemeza amakuru,icyo mucyongereza bita Validation)

ISUZUMABUMENYI.

1.  ESE ABACUKUZI ( MINERS BAKORA IKI MURI BLOCK CHAIN)?

ISOMO RYA 2 IBITEKEREZO BYINGENZI MURI BLOCKCHAIN

IGICE CYA 4: CRYPTOGRAPHY MURI BLOCKCHAIN

1.CRYPTOGRAPHY NI UBURYO BWIFASHISHWA NA BLOCKCHAIN KUGIRANGO AMAKURU AGERE KUMUNTU YOHEREREJWE ABE ARIWE UBASHA KUYASOMA GUSA.

BLOCKCHAIN Yifashisha imibare muri cryptography kugirango ibashe kubika amakuru muburyo butekanye.

2.URUFUNGUZO: Urufunguzo rufatwa nk'ikofi yawe yo mwikoranabuhanga ushobora kubikaho amakuru,Ushobora kuyisangira nabandi bantu kugirango bakoherereze amakuru.

3.HASHING: ni inzira yifashishwa mukubika amakuru muburyo bwizewe.

4.Private keys: Ni imfunguzo zawe bwite ushobora kubikaho amakuru ntago byemewe Kugira uwo uzisangiza ziba arizawe bwite.

ISUZUMABUMENYI.

1.Nizihe mfunguzo utemerewe gusangiza bandi?

2.Hashing Bivuze iki?

AGACE KA 5: CONSENSUS MECHANISM.

UBURYO BLOCKCHAIN YEMERA NDETSE IKEMEZA IHEREREKANYAMAKURU.

CONSESUS MECHANISM NI IKI?

Consensus mechanism ni uburyo bwa programu ya mudasobwa bwifashishwa muri sisitemu ya blockchain kugirango habashe kugerwa kumasezerano yemeranijweho muri Blockchain.( Source:Investopedia, Consensus mechanism).

PROOF OF WORK( PoW) Abakoresha blockchain( miners) Bahangana no gukemura amahurizo y'imibare bagahembwa igice cyagaciro Runaka .urugero rw'ibyamenyekanye ninka Bitcoin Mining( ubucukuzi bwa bitcoin) Uburyo bwa PoW bwifashishwa nabakoresha blockchain butwara imbaraga mukijyanye namashanyarazi kuko bifashisha mudasobwa nyinshi .

PROOF OF STAKE ( PoS).Uburyo bwa PoS abakoresha blockchain babika umutungo kuri blockchain runaka Ba nyiri Blockchain bakaba babungukira igiciro runaka .ibi biroroshye ndetse nta nimbaraga bitwara kubijyanye no Gukoresha amashanyarazi. Urugero twavuga nka blockchain ya ethreum ikoresha PoS.

ISUZUMABUMENYI.

1.Hagati ya PoS Na PoW Blockchain ya Bitcoin ikoresha iyihe?

2.Hagati ya PoS na PoW Niyihe itwara imbaraga nyinshi?

AGACE KA 6: SMART CONTRACTS AND dApps (Decentralized applications).

SMART CONTRACT NI IKI?

SMART CONTRACT Ni uburyo amasezerano asinywa byihuse bikozwe na program za mudasobwa cyangwa umurongo wubakiye kuri Blockchain.

Smart contract yamamaye cyane ni smart contract yatangijwe na Blockchain ya Ethereum.

dApps( Decentralized applications ) ni program za mudasobwa zubakiye kuri blockchain zihurijwe hamwe  urugero  nka  uniswap.

Isuzuma bumenyi:

1.Ese smart contract ikorera kuri blockchain?

2.Uniswap ni ubuhe bwoko bwa program ?

ISOMO RYA 3:BLOCKCHAIN MUBIKORWA

AGACE KA

 7:BITCOIN MURI MAKE.

Bitcoin ni I  faranga ry’ikoranabuhanga ikaba ifatwa nka zahabu yo kuri murandasi.

Ikoreshwa n’ abantu bayihererekanya nkagaciro kamafaranga.

Bitcoin zakozwe zose hamwe zihwanye na 21,000,000 ntizishobora kwiyongera cyangwa ngo zigabanuke.(limited supply 21 million)

ISUZUMABUMENY

1.Bitcoin zakozwe zose hamwe nizingahe?

2.Ese bitcoin zakozwe zishobora kwiyongera cyangwa zikagabanuka?

AGACE KA 8ETHEREUM NAMA ALTCOINS.

Blockchain igenewe ahanini programu za mudasobwa ntago ahanini igendereye amafaranga

Nkuko twabibonye mumasomo yabanje ethereum yabaye Blockchain ya kabiri yavutse nyuma ya bitcoin Bigizwemo uruhare na vitalik Butalin umugabo wumuhanga mubijyanye na programu za mudasobwa wo mugihugu cy’ uburusiya.

Etherium rero ifite intego irenze kure kuba ifaranga nkuko bensi babitekereza rukaba urubuga rwazanye umwihariko wa smart contracts( amasezerano yubwizerane hagati yabohererezanya amakuru muri Block chain) ndetse abahanga nabakoresha mudasobwa bakaba babasha kubakiraho program zitandukanye.

IBIRANGA IKORANABUHANGA RYA ETHEREUM

-Ifite amakode afasha mugushyira mubikorwa smart contracts.

-Ifite ifaranga ryayo ryifashishwa mukwishyurana hagati yamasezerano abakoresha blockchain yabo baba bakoresheje. Ryitwa ether(ETH).

-Igira ETHEREUM VIRTUAL MACHINE( EVM) Yifashishwa mugushyira mubikorwa amasezerano ya smart contracts.

ALTCOINS.

Altcoins ni amafaranga nkoranabuhanga yavutse nyuma ya Bitcoin akaba yafasha mugukemura ibibazo byinshi bitandukanye.

Atcoins rero zirimo ingeri nyinshi Harimo izubakiye kumishinga runaka( Platiform coins rugero nka Solana na Cardano zifite blockchain ishobora guhangana niya ethereum mubijyanye nibibazo zishobora gukemura.),izakorewe kuvunjira izindi( Stable coins urugero nka USDT NA USDC).

Urugero rwizindi altcoins ni coins zifite umumaro runaka mu isi ya blockchain twavuga nka chainlink na uniswap, Chain link yifashishwa muguhuza smart contract namakuru asanzwe(Real word data).

AGACE KA 9:UMUMARO WA BLOCKCHAIN MU ISI ISANZWE( REAL WORLD USES).

IGITEKEREZO CYINGENZI ( BLOCK CHAIN NTAGO GUSA IFITE UMUMARO NK'IFARANGA AHUBWO IRENZE KUBA IFARANGA MUBUNDI BURYO NI TEKINOLOJI).

TEKINOLOJI YA BLOCKCHAIN YIFASHISHWA MUGUKEMURA IBIBAZO BYINSHI BITANDUKANYE BIMWE MURI BYO NI IBI BIKURIKIRA:

1.IBIJYANYE N'IMARI NDETSE N'ICUNGA MUTUNGO.

Tekinoloji ya blockchain yifashishwa mukwishyurana byambukiranya imipaka ( cross boarder payments) bikaba muburyo bwihuse kandi bwizewe kuburyo nko kwishyurana hakoreshejwe blockchain ari inzira ishobora gufata byibura hagati yamasegonda ane niminota itatu bitewe numurongo uwohereza nuwakira bakoresheje.Nimugihe uburyo bwari busanzweho muguhererekanya amafaranga mpuzamipaka byibura bidahobora kujya hasi yumunsi umwe.

Zimwe muri kompanyi zubakiye kuri Blockchain zitanga izo serivisi twavuga nka Stellar ndetse na kompanyi ya Ripple.

Ahandi Tekinoloji ya blockchain ishobara kwifashishwa  ni mubuvuzi, muguhererkanya ibicuruzwa( supply chain) mubwikorezi, munzego za leta nizabikorera nko mukwandikisha ubutaka ndetse ikifashishwa no mumatora( Digital voting), tekinoloji ya blockchain kandi ishobora kwifashishwa muburezi nko mugutanga ndetse no kubika ibyangombwa by'abanyeshuri 

Tekinoloji ya blockchain nanone yifashishwa mugukora amazerano yubugure mugihe cyo guhererekanya imitungo itimukanwa.

ISUZUMABUMENYI

1.Tanga ingero 2 zahantu blockchain ishobora gukoreshwa.

ISOMO RYA 4: BLOCKCHAIN NONAHA NDETSE NAHAZAZA.

AGACE KA 10.WALLET AND TRANSACTIONS (AMAKOFI NO GUHEREREKANYA AMAFARANGA MURI BLOCK CHAIN).

Block chain wallet: Ni igikoresho(ikofi) cyifashishwa  mukubika umutungo wo muri blockchain nka Ethereum usdt na bitcoin.

Tugira ubwoko 2 bwa blockchain wallets.

1.Hot wallets: Ni ikofi ihujwe na murandasi( connected to internet)

Urugero twavuga nka Trust wallet na meta mask

2.Cold wallets: izi kofi zo ntago ziba zifatiye kuri murandasi

Urugero twavuga nka Ledger.

ISUZUMA BUMENYI

1.  TANGA ITANDUKANIRO RYA HOT WALLETS NA COLD WALLET.

AGACE KA 11. UMUTEKANO MURI BLOCKCHAIN.

IBIRANGA KO BLOCK CHAIN ITEKANYE.

1.Ntago igenzurwa na guverinoma cyangwa umuntu runaka kubwibyo biragoye kuba bayigabaho igitero(Decentalised).

2.Amakuru yageze kuri blockchain ntago ashobora guhindurwa ( immutability)

IBYO KWITAHO KUMUTEKANO WA BLOCKCHAIN

1.  Ntago ugomba gutakaza ijambo banga ryawe kuko udashobora kubona uburyo bundi bwo kurema irindi. Ukaba wabura imitungo yawe burundu.

2.  Ugomba kandi kwitondera imbuga zo kuri murandasi nkaza websites ziguhamagarira kuzinjiramo akenshi bagusaba gukoresha amajambo banga yawe.

3.  Gukoresha Hardware wallets mugihe ufite umutungo mwinshi ubitse kuri Blockchain kuko ntago ushobora kwinjirirwa.

4.  Kwirinda gusangiza abantu amajambo yawe banga( Never share your private keys).

5.  Kugenzura no gusuzuma amasezerano uhawe mbere yo kuyasinya( Audit and verify smart contracts)

AGACE KA 12:AHAZAZA HA BLOCK CHAIN

Ahazaza ha Blockchain haratanga ikizere kuko izahindura imikore itandukanye yuburyo ibintu byinshi byakorwagamo

1.  Izorohereza abahanga mubyamudasobwa muguhanga udushya nta nkomyi kuberako blockchain ni tekinoloji yakorewe abantu bose.

2.  Blockchain yazanye ubwoko bushya bwa murandasi bwitwa WEB3 , buzorohereza ababukoresha kugira uburenganzira kubyo bakorera kuri murandasi.

3.  Guverinoma nyinshi ziri kwiga kuburyo zakoresha tekinoloji ya blockchain mubikorwa byazo urugero nko kubaka amafaranga yabo asingiye ku ikoranabuhanga ( Central bank Digital currencies CBDCes)

4.  Ihuza mirongo rya ethereum na arbitrum(ethereum and arbitrum networks) ririmo koroshya imikorere ya blockchain kugirango ibashe gukoreshwa nuwariwe wese.

5.  Block chain izifashishwa muguha agaciro imitungo itimukanwa kuburyo byoroha mukuyitunga (Tokenization)

6.  Ubwenge bukorano na blockchain Ahazaza hubwenge Bukorano( Articial intelligence AI) ahanini hashingiye kuri block chain kuko ahanini amakuru bukoresha yubakiye kuri Blockchain.

IMBOGAMIZI KUHAAZA HA BLOCKCHAIN

1.  UBUMENYI BUKE KUBAYIKORESHA

2.  AHANINI IMIKORESHEREZE YA BLOCKCHAIN ITWARA UMURIRO WAMASHANYARAZI.

3.  AMATEGEKO NAMABWIRIZA YA ZA LETA NDETSE NIBIHUGU.

Munshamake ahaza ha blockchain ntago ari amafranga nkoranahuhanga gusa( Crypto currencies) ahubwo nukubaka ikizere nimikorere iboneye, umutekano n'ubwizerane muri sisitemu zikorera kuri murandasi( Internet).

IBYINGENZI BYO GUSIGARANA MURI URU RUHEREREKANE RWAMASOMO KURI BLOCKCHAIN( KEY TAKEAWAYS)

BLOCKCHAIN: Ni igitabo nkoranabuhanga( Digital ledger) Kibika amakuru muburyo bwegeranye( blocks linked together)

BITCOIN: Ifaranga nkoranabuhanga ryambere ryabayeho ryubakiye kuri Blockchain.

ETHEREUM : NI Blockchain yambere yazanye amasezerano nkoranabuhanga( Smart contracts).

Irisomo rigamije gutanga ubumenyi kubijyanye na Blockchain kubijyanye no gushorimari cyangwa indi nama mubyubukungu wakwegera abahanga mubyubukungu ndetse babihuguriwe  bafite impamyabumenyi.

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